Integridad municipal desde dentro: condiciones que protegen a quienes denuncian corrupción

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.64747/pnszw379

Palabras clave:

denuncia de irregularidades, integridad pública, gobierno municipal, protección contra represalias, rendición de cuentas

Resumen

Los canales de denuncia se han extendido en los gobiernos subnacionales, pero su existencia no demuestra que una alerta sea recibida con seguridad, investigada ni convertida en corrección institucional. Esta revisión sistemática sintetizó evidencia empírica publicada entre 2000 y el 15 de diciembre de 2025 sobre las condiciones que protegen a quienes informan irregularidades en gobiernos locales o subnacionales. La búsqueda reproducible combinó OpenAlex, Crossref, rastreo de citas y fuentes institucionales; 93 registros únicos fueron examinados, 33 textos se evaluaron íntegramente y 22 estudios integraron la síntesis narrativa. La heterogeneidad de diseños y resultados impidió el metaanálisis. La evidencia se concentró en Indonesia y Europa, predominó el estudio transversal de intenciones y fue escasa para represalias verificadas, remedios y corrección organizacional. Los hallazgos indican que los procedimientos específicos, la capacitación, la posibilidad de anonimato, la seguridad psicológica y una recepción independiente favorecen el reporte. Sin embargo, ningún componente aislado garantiza protección. La efectividad depende de una cadena integrada: acceso seguro, triaje independiente, investigación oportuna, vigilancia antirrepresalias, reparación, retroalimentación y corrección verificable. La evidencia directa de municipios latinoamericanos fue insuficiente. Se propone un paquete institucional mínimo y métricas que evalúen la trayectoria de los casos, no el volumen bruto de denuncias.

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2025-12-30 — Actualizado el 2026-08-27

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Cercado-Erazo, M. Á. (2026). Integridad municipal desde dentro: condiciones que protegen a quienes denuncian corrupción. Revista Latinoamericana de Participación Ciudadana y Gobernanza, 1(2), 102-113. https://doi.org/10.64747/pnszw379 (Original work published 2025)